| Die Befreiung
des / The Liberation of Prometheus
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MATERIAL
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Die Befreiung des Prometheus ist ein Prosatext, den Heiner Müller
wie einen erratischen Block in das Theaterstück Zement gesetzt hat
und woran sich das Theater die Zähne ausbeißt, weil es mit
seinen eigenen Mitteln ihm nicht gerecht werden kann. Ob ich es schaffe,
weiß ich nicht; ich versuche aber mit selbständigen musikalischen
Mitteln, die in der Ausdruckshierarchie nicht unter, sondern neben dem
Text rangieren (mit Songformen, Collagen, der Filmtechnik nahestehenden
Schnitten und Rückblenden), mindestens zweierlei hörbar zu machen: |
The Liberation of Prometheus is a prose text which Heiner Müller
has dropped into his play, Cement, like an erratic block - a real stumbling
block for the theater which cannot do it justice with ordinary theatrical
methods. Whether I can manage it, I don't know; but I'm trying - with
independent musical means which, in the hierarchy of expressiveness, are
not beneath the text but equal to it (with song forms, collages, flashbacks
and the kind of editing used in films) - to make at least two things audible: |
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Die Befreiung des Prometheus Prometheus, der den Menschen den Blitz ausgeliefert,aber sie nicht gelehrt
hatte, ihn gegen die Götter zu gebrauchen, weil er an den Mahlzeiten
der Götter teilnahm, die mit den Menschen geteilt weniger reichlich
ausgefallen wären, wurde wegen seiner Tat beziehungsweise wegen seiner
Unterlassung im Auftrag der Götter von Hephaistos dem Schmied an
den Kaukasus befestigt, wo ein hundsköpfiger Adler täglich von
seiner immerwachsenden Leber aß. Der Adler, der ihn für eine
teilweise eßbare, zu kleineren Bewegungen und, besonders wenn man
von ihr aß, mißtönendem Gesang befähigte Gesteinspartie
hielt, entleerte sich auch über ihn. Der Kot war seine Nahrung. Er
gab ihn, verwandelt in eigenen Kot, an den Stein unter sich weiter, so
daß, als nach dreitausend Jahren Herakles sein Befreier das menschenleere
Gebirge erstieg, er den Gefesselten zwar schon aus großer Entfernung
ausmachen konnte, weißschimmernd von Vogelkot, aber, zurückgeworfen
immer wieder von der Mauer aus Gestank, weitere dreitausend Jahre lang
das Massiv umkreiste, während der Hundsköpfige weiter die Leber
des Gefesselten aß und ihn mit seinem Kot ernährte, so daß
der Gestank zunahm in dem gleichen Maß wie der Befreier sich an
ihn gewöhnte. Endlich, von einem Regen begünstigt, der fünfhundert
Jahre anhielt, konnte Herakles sich auf Schußweite nähern.
Dabei hielt er mit einer Hand die Nase zu. Dreimal verfehlte er den Adler,
weil er, von der Welle des Gestanks betäubt, die auf ihn einschlug,
als er die Hand von der Nase nahm, um den Bogen zu spannen, unwillkürlich
die Augen geschlossen hatte. Der dritte Pfeil verletzte den Gefesselten
leicht am linken fuß, der vierte tötete den Adler. Prometheus,
wird erzählt, weinte laut um den Vogel, seinen einzigen Gefährten
in dreitausend Jahren und Ernährer in zweimal dreitausend. Soll ich
deine Pfeile essen,schrie er und,vergessend,daß er andere Nahrung
gekannt hatte. Kannst du fliegen, Bauer, mit deinen Füßen aus
Mist. Und erbrach sich vor dem Stallgeruch, der dem Herakles anhing, seit
er die Ställe des Augias gesäubert hatte, weil der Mist zum
Himmel stank. Iß den Adler, sagte Herakles. Aber Prometheus konnte
den Sinn seiner Worte nicht begreifen. Auch wußte er wohl, daß
der Adler seine letzte Verbindung zu den Göttern gewesen war, seine
täglichen Schnabelhiebe ihr Gedächtnis an ihn. Beweglicher als
je in seinen Ketten beschimpfte er seinen Befreier als Mörder und
versuchte ihm ins Gesicht zu spein. |
The Liberation of Prometheus Prometheus, who brought lightning to the humans, but did not teach them
how to use it against the gods because he sat at the gods' table and their
meals would have been less sumptuous if shared with the humans, was, either
on account of his action or his omission, and on order of the gods, fastened
by Hephaestus the smith to the Caucasus, where every day a dog-headed
eagle returned to his constantly regenerating liver to feed. The eagle,
which considered him to be a partly edible rock formation capable of small
movements and, especially when being eaten, of discordant song, emptied
his bowels over him. The faeces were his nourishment. He passed them,
in the form of his own faeces, on to the rock below, and so when, after
three thousand years, Herakles, his liberator, reached the top of the
unpopulated mountains, he was able, even from a great distance, to make
out the prisoner, glistening white with bird faeces. But, repelled again
and again by the wall of stench, he circled the massif for another three
thousand years, while the dog-headed eagle fed off the liver of the prisoner,
so that the stench grew to the degree that the liberator became accustomed
to it. At last, helped by a rain which lasted five hundred years, Herakles
managed to approach within shooting range. He held his nose with one hand.
He missed the eagle three times for, stupefied by the wave of stench which
struck him, he took his hand away from his nose to stretch his bow and
involuntarily closed his eyes. The third arrow wounded the prisoner slightly
on his left foot, and the fourth killed the eagle. Prometheus, it is told,
wept aloud for the eagle, his only companion in three thousand years and
his provider for twice three thousand. Am I supposed to eat your arrows,
he cried out, forgetting that he had known other food: Can you fly, peasant,
with your feet of dung. And he vomited from the stable smell which had
clung to Herakles since he had cleaned out the stables of Augeas, because
the dung stank to high heaven. Eat the eagle, Herakles said. But Prometheus
could not grasp the meaning of his words. He also knew full well that
the eagle had been his last link to the gods, its daily pecking his remembrance
of them. More flexible' than ever in his chains, he cursed his liberator,
called him a murderer and tried to spit in his face. Meanwhile, Herakles,
bent double with nausea, looked for the fetters which bound the raging
Prometheus to his prison. Time, weather and faeces had made the flesh
indistinguishable from the metal, and both indistinguishable from the
rock. Now, loosened by the more violent movements of the prisoner, the
fetters became discernible. It turned out that they had been eaten by
rust. Only at his sex had the chain grown together with the flesh because
Prometheus had, at least during his first two thousand years on the rock,
occasionally masturbated. Later he must have forgotten even his sex. The
liberation left a scar. Prometheus could easily have freed himself if
he had not been afraid of the eagle, unarmed and exhausted from the millenia
though he was. His behaviour during the liberation shows that he feared
freedom more than the bird. Roaring and foaming at the mouth, he defended
his chains with tooth and claw against the grip of his liberator. Once
liberated, he howled on his hands and knees from the torment of trying
to crawl with his numb limbs, and he cried out for his quiet place on
the rock beneath the wings of the eagle, where nothing moved unless shaken
by an occasional earthquake decreed by the gods. Even after he was able
to walk upright again, he struggled against the descent like an actor
who does not want to leave the stage. Herakles had to hump him down from
the mountain on his shoulders. The descent to the humans lasted a further
three thousand years. While the gods rooted up the mountains, so that
the descent to the humans was more like a plunge, Herakles carried his
precious booty snuggled like a baby against his chest. Clinging to the
liberator's neck, Prometheus indicated in a low voice the direction of
the projectiles, so that they were able to dodge most of them. Meanwhile,
screaming loudly to the heavens darkened by whirl of rocks, he declared
his innocence in the liberation. There followed the suicide of the gods.
One after the other they hurled themselves down from the heavens onto
Herakles back and shattered in the rubble. Prometheus worked his way back
onto the shoulders of his liberator and assumed the pose of the victor
who rides in on a sweat-bathed horse to meet the cheers of the people. |
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